All original material © Alice Domurat Dreger, 1996-2009.

(by Alice Domurat Dreger, in The Hastings Center Report, vol. 28, no. 3 [May/June 1998], pp. 24-35.)


Available online.


This is probably my most-cited and most-reprinted article, and one that still holds up well. It has had some good effect on medical practice, though not enough from my point of view.


Reprinted in:

  1. Meaning and Medicine: A Reader in the Philosophy of Health Care, edited by James Lindemann Nelson and Hilde Lindemann Nelson (New York: Routledge, 1999), pp. 332-346.

  2. Women, Medicine, and Law, edited by Susan Sherwin and Barbara Parish (London: Ashgate Publishing, 2002).

  3. Health, Disease, and Illness: Concepts in Medicine, ed. by Arthur L. Caplan, James J. McCartney, Dominic A. Sisti, and Edmund D. Pellegrino (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 2004), pp. 137-152.


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